Monuments of India
Beginning from 1983, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has recognised these as ‘World Heritage Sites’. It’s a long trek since the West began to take active interest in the archaeological and natural heritages of India in the late 18th and 19th centuries. Take for example the Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra — dating back to 2nd century AD – brought to light by Lieutenant (later General Sir) James E. Alexander in 1824. He wrote an account of the caves and their murals in Royal Asiatic Society’s journal Transactions in 1829. There are at present 22 cultural i.e. historical and five natural ‘world heritage sites’. Some 19 more are awaiting recognition for the last ten to two years respectively. An Indian Journey profiles the UNESCO world heritage sites of India region-wise for you.
(The years mentioned in the brackets represent the year in which the site was declared a UNESCO world heritage site).
India’s architectural genius has blossomed across two millennia and found expressions in numerous ageless monuments. Indian Journey takes you on a region-wise tour of 22 cultural sites on UNESCO ‘World Heritage Sites’ list.
Taj Mahal (1983)
Taj Mahal is considered a masterpiece of Mughal architecture. it is a glorified mausoleum of Emperor Shah Jahan and his favourite wife Mumtaz Mahal who predeceased him. The white domed marble structure, with its four characteristic minarets is a post card icon of India. It is set in a spacious Charbagh, or Mughal Garden complex. Taj is known to have been built over a period of 17 years, using labour and money onan unimaginable scale.
Friday closed.

Related this tour : Golden Triangle Tour of India and Colors of Rajasthan.
Agra Fort (1983)
Also called the Red Fort of Agra, it looks down upon the famed mausoleum Taj Mahal across the river Yamuna. . Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605) made Agra his capital and commissioned this massive red sandstone fort. Built in eight years with combined labour of more than a million masons, it was expanded to its present shape by his grandson Shah Jahan and harbours a number of ornate structures.

Fatehpur Sikri (1986 )
Fatehpur (‘the City of Victory’), 26 kilometers from Agra, served as the short-lived capital of Mughal Emperor Akbar between 1571 and 1585. The Emperor’s ambitions wilted due to shortage of water before he reinstated the capital to Agra. Buland Darwaza (‘Gate of Grandeur’), Panch Mahal (‘Five Storied Palatial Structure’) and wisecracker Raja Birbal’s house make some of the interesting sites.
Open all days.
Minar and its Monuments (1993)
Qutab Minar, the 238-ft (72.5 m) five storey high sandstone minaret in Mehrauli area makes a travel guide icon of Delhi. Its construction history spanned three hundred years of Delhi Sultantate. The other important structure in the complex is the ruined mosque of Quwwat-ul-lsIam (The Might of Islam).
Red Fort Complex (2007)
Hen Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan shifted the capital from Agra to Delhi in 1639, he built the Lal Qua (Red Fort). The major buildings inside the fort are Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience), Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Khas Mahal (Imperial Chambers), Zenana (Women’s Chambers), Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), and Hayat Baksh Bagh (a garden).

Related this tour : Impressions of India and Rajasthan Tour.
Humayun’s Tomb (1993)
The earliest Mughal monument of repute in India ranks also amongst best preserved one. Humayun’s tomb in Delhi was commissioned either by his eldest widow Haji Begum, or his on Emperor Akbar. The Mughal practice of building gardened-tombs began with Humayun’s Mausoleum.

Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003)
The rock shelters of Bhimbetka, 45 km south of Bhopal, harbour exquisite Stone Age rock paintings dating approximately 9,000 years ago. According to popular legend the place was reinvented as the parlour of Bhima (Bhima Bhaitaka), the third Pandava brother in the Mahabharata. The paintings, actually a handiwork of pre-historic cavemen, depict scenes from their everyday life.
Buddhist Monuments, Sanchi (1989)
Sanchi, a quaint village 46-km northeast of Madhya Pradesh capital Bhopal, was the site of protracted Buddhist architectural activities between 3rd century BC and 12th century AD. The great Stupa or Buddhist relic mound- commissioned by Emperor Asoka became the nucleus of architectural and artistic enterprise that continued through Sunga, Satvahana and Gupta period.

Related this tour: Land of Buddha Tours India.
Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)
The much publicized erotic sculptures of Khajuraho constitute a small niche. The vast temple complex hardly has a member of Hindu pantheon unrepresented. There were 85 temples around the Sibsagar Lake, out of which 22 are in reasonable state of repair. Khajuraho is the magnum opus of Rajput Chandela kings who flourished between 9th and 13th century.
Related this tour: Golden Triangle with Varanasi.
Champaner-Pavagarh (2004)
Champaner-Pavagarh, 50 km from Vadodra, is an awe inspiring complex where Hindu and Muslim architectures jostle. The Pavagarh hill was the site of famous Rajput fortress built by Solanki kings of Gujarat, followed by Khichi Chauhans.
Elephanta Caves (1987)
The island locally called Gharapuri got its name Elephanta from Portuguese colonizers. It has a huge rock cut complex adorned with beautiful stone steles, sculptures and temple of Lord Shiva. A group shrines, courtyard, halls and porticos maintain amazing symmetry, hewn from stones.

Ajanta Caves. (1983)
Built as a Buddhist monastic complex dating back to 2nd century BC, the Ajanta caves are most renowned for their pseudo-frescos and relief sculptures. Jataka Tales, or legends from Buddha’s many lives, constitutes the principle theme of the Ajanta murals.

Ellora Caves (1987)
One of the largest rock- hewn temple complexes in the world, the Ellora Caves mark the apogee of Indian rock cut architecture. The 34 ‘caves’ of this groovy complex were carved out between 5th and 1 2th centuries. The sequence has 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu, and five Jam caves. The Buddhist Caves are spacious multi-storied monasteries adorned with images of Buddha. The Jam caves, although smaller in size, display most intricate workmanship.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004)
Formerly called Victoria Terminus or Bombay VT this grand British-era railway terminus is one the busiest in India. It also houses the headquarters of Central Railways. It is arguably the most photographed monument in India after Taj Mahal. It was renamed as Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in 1996. The illuminated facade of VT adds stunning sheen to nocturnal Mumbai, against the backdrop of Arabian Sea.

Related this tour : City tour of Mumbai.
Group of Monuments at Hampi (1987)
Hampi ruins are the ‘remains of the day’ when the ‘never to be forgotten Hindu empire’ Vijaynagar succumbed to the Bahmani coalition on January 23, 1 565 at the battle of Talikot. Vijaynagara, beside Tungabhadra river, a tributary of River Krishna, and described by various European and Arab travelers has attained a legendary status in public memory.
Great Living Chola Temples (1987)
Cholas, the mighty empire builders, also erected some magnificent temples in Tamil Nadu between 10th and 12th century. On UNESCO world heritage list is Brihadeeshvara Temple at Thanjavur, constructed by feisty warrior Rajaraja Chola I, whose soul found peace at the feet of Lord Shiva. The other Brihadeeshvara Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram, was the work of his illustrious son Rajendra Chola I. The Airavatesvara Temple in Darasuram, named after the white elephant of Lord Indra, was built by Rajaraja
Chola II in 12th century.
Churches and Convents of Goa
The Churches and Convents of Goa, built in 16th and 17th century, include earliest specimen of European architecture in India. The Church of St. Cajetan is modeled upon the original design of Rome’s St. Peter’s. Also featuring in the group are St. Francis of Assisi Church, Chapel of St. Catherine, Church of Lady of Rosary; Church of St. Augustine. The Basilica of Born Jesus is one of the grandest churches in Asia.

Related this tour: City tour of Goa.
Mahabalipuram Temple Complex (1984)
Mahabalipuram temple complex is an alfresco museum of religious architecture and sculpting. The Pallava kings of Kanchi, who held sway in the Tamil country between 3rd and 9th centuries, were renowned patrons of art, architecture, music and scholarship. Mahabalipuram, their second capital, became the setting for grand theme based architecture and sculpting.
Related this tour: South India Tours.
Monuments’ Complex at Pattadakal (1987)
An 8th century-wonder of consecrated architecture, Pattakadal temple complex in Karnataka was primarily a work of Chalukya kings. Chalukyas were renowned Shaivites. There are around eight major temples, including one Jam shrine. The most iconic of them viz. Virukpaksha Temple was built by Queen Lokamahadevi in 745 as an act of thanksgiving to Lord Shiva.
Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Bodh Gaya (2002)
Gautam Buddha (566-486 B.C.), famously attained his enlightenment below a Bo tree near today’s Gaya (Bihar) in 526 B.C. The place, Bodh Gaya, became an international pilgrim spot with propagation of Buddhism in Asia. The place attracted renewed interest in British period with reclaiming of ruins.

Related this tour: Golden Triangle with Buddhist Circuit.
Sun Temple, Konark (1984)
Konark, a small coastal town in Orissa, is best known for its 13th century architectural wonder, the sun temple. This black granite temple was commissioned by King Narasimhadeva I (1236-1264). The temple was conceived as an exquisite 12-wheeled chariot of Sun god, being pulled by seven horses.
Related this tour : Temple Tour India.
Mountain Railways of India (1999)
When British developed hill stations in India, they were faced with the challenge to connect them meaningfully with the plains. This was achieved through construction of mountain railways that were an engineering miracle. The UN has acknowledged the mountain railways of India viz. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Kalka-Shimla Railways and Nilgiri Mountain Railway as world heritage property.